DESCRIPTION:
After an initial slow diffusion of minimal invasive approaches in liver surgery, laparoscopy has now been implemented worldwide. This process has been sped up after several papers showed the superiority of laparoscopy over the open approach with regard to short-term outcomes. Before, the adaptation and diffusion of LLS was much slower compared to other general surgical specialties. The challenge in controlling major hemorrhage, the risk of gas embolism, the steepness of the learning curve and the uncertainty about oncological outcomes were barriers for the implementation of LLS. Nowadays, laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) are considered safe and feasible. The same evolution is seen in the diffusion of robotic liver surgery (RLS).
The first reported robotic liver resection was published in 2003. Introduction of RLS has remained very slow compared to other subspecialties. This could be attributed to the complexity of minimally invasive liver surgery and the steep learning curve to overcome. Furthermore, the absence of instruments for parenchyma transection appeared to be a barrier for many surgeons to start RLS. Nowadays, Robotic liver surgery is in it""s pioneering phase and limited to a few high volume centers. Furthermore data regarding the implementation of RLS are still scarce and the reproducibility of the implementation is still debated.
This textbook will offer readers a useful overview of RLS state of the art, collecting the contributions of renowned robotic liver surgeons from Europe, Asia and the Americas. The editors will collaborate with a professional medical illustrator specialized in minimal invasive liver surgery to offer readers a visual experience of the most important surgical steps.
CONTENTS:
Introduction
Minimally Invasive Liver Surgery: Where Are We Now?
History and Worldwide Diffusion of Robotic Liver Surgery
Robotic Systems, Patient Preparation and Anesthesia in Robotic Liver Surgery
Robotic Systems, Equipment, Instrumentation, and Troubleshooting
Patient Preparation
Anesthesia for Robotic Liver Surgery
Different Approaches in Robotic Liver Surgery
Different Approaches in Robotic Liver Surgery: Console Surgeon And Bedside Surgeon (The RoboLap Approach)
Different Approaches in Robotic Liver Surgery: Pure Robotic Approach
Learning Curves and Training in Robotic Liver Surgery
Learning Curve in Robotic Liver Surgery
Training in Robotic Liver Surgery
Training Programs for Robotic Liver Surgery
Proficiency-Based Progression Training
Robotic Liver Surgery for Malignant Tumors
Robotic Surgery Trends in General Oncological Surgery
Robotic Liver Surgery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Robotic Liver Surgery for Colorectal Metastases
Robotic Liver Surgery for Malignant Tumors
Robotic Livery Surgery for Malignant Tumors of the Biliary Tract
Robotic Liver Surgery: Procedures and Technical Aspects
Parenchymal Transection in Robotic Liver Surgery
Approaching the Liver Hilum in Robotic Liver Surgery and Pringle Maneuver
Intraoperative Liver Ultrasound: Technical Considerations During Robotic Surgery
Robotic Resections in the Anterolateral Segments
Robotic Resections in the Posterosuperior Segments
Robotic Right Hepatectomy
Robotic Left Hemihepatectomy
Robotic Extended Hepatectomy
Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Resection of Klatskin Tumors
Robotic Liver Resection for Gallbladder Cancer, Hilar Lymphadenectomy, and Biliary Reconstruction
Robotic ALPPS Procedure
Robotic Living Donor Liver Procurement for Transplantation
Safe Unplanned Open Conversion During Robotic Hepatectomy for Major Bleeding
New Technology, Financial Impact, Registries and the Future of Robotic Liver Surgery
AI and XR in Robotics
Economic Cost and Value in Robotic Liver Surgery
Current Evidence on Robotic Liver Resections: Results from the International Robotic and Laparoscopic Liver Resection Study Group
The Future and Hurdles of Robotic Liver Surgery
