DESCRIPTION:
The book will provide a case-based introduction/primer to the practice of echocardiography with liberal use of images and actual patient histories. The reader will be able to gain extensive practical knowledge of the practice of echocardiography with the use of these case reports. These will concentrate on the skills necessary to increase specialist knowledge of echocardiography practice.
CONTENTS:
- Physics and Artifacts.A brief explanation of the physical basis of ultrasound in cardiac imaging.Examples of common artifacts that are mistaken for cardiac pathology.
-LV mass and volumes.Qualitative and quantitative determination of LV wall thickness and mass.Qualitative and quantitative determination of LV volumes.
-LV function.Commonly used techniques for ejection fraction assessment.
-M-mode in modern echocardiography.Examples of common pathologies where M mode may still be used in modern echocardiography.
-Wall motion and stress echocardiography.How to assess regional wall motion.Examples of normal, hypokinetic and akinetic wall motion.Use of wall motion analysis in stress echocardiography.Common stress echocardiography protocols - exercise dobutamine dipyridamole.Problem solving during stress echocardiography.
-RV function assessment.Visual assessment of RV size and function.Tissue Doppler in RV assessment.
-Valvular heart disease.General principles in assessing valves.Mitral stenosis and regurgitation.Aortic stenosis and regurgitation.Pulmonary stenosis and regurgitation.Tricuspid stenosis and regurgitation.Multivalvular involvement: rheumatic disease carcinoid diet drugs.Prosthetic valve assessment.Infective endocarditis.
-Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).Protocol for TEE.Standard TEE views.Limitations of TEE (when not to do TEE).Emergency applications of TEE: dissection etc.Methemoglobinemia and treatment.
-Use of echo contrast in routine practice.Common contrast agents.Indications in clinical practice.Protocol for contrast use.Common problems and how to resolve them.
-Cardiomyopathies.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Infiltrative cardiomyopathy.Dilated cardiomyopathy.
-Tissue Doppler and its clinical uses.Fundamentals of tissue Doppler.Applications in clinical practice.How to do tissue Doppler.Assessment of dyssynchrony.Strain imaging in brief.
-Diastolic function assessment.
-Mitral inflow.Pulmonary vein flow.Tissue Doppler.Flow propogation velocity.Grades of diastolic dysfunction.
-The pericardium.Pericardial effusion.Pericarditis.How to determine if there is tamponade physiology.Constriction versus restriction physiology.Echo-guided pericardiocentesis.
-Cardiac masses.
-Three-dimensional echocardiography.Principles.How to acquire 3D images.Common clinical situations to use 3DE.
-Common adult congenital problems.VSD.ASD.Others.
-Vascular imaging.Carotid intima media thickness.Brachial reactivity.Augmentation index.
